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Playing cards (''Spielkarten'') entered German speaking lands around the late 14th century. Here, the cards developed into new suits of Acorns (''Eichel''), Leaves (''Grün'' or ''Blatt''), Hearts (''Herz'') and Bells (''Schelle''). The Swiss-Germans use the closely related Swiss suits. Cards of these types spread throughout Central Europe into countries that were once under German or Austrian control (Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Transylvania, Vojvodina, South Tyrol, Transcarpathia, and parts of Poland). Despite the name, the German deck is not well known all over these countries including parts of Germany itself as they are undergoing strong competition from French suited decks. Traditional card games in which the German suit is used include Skat, Schafkopf and Doppelkopf. German suited decks tend to have fewer cards than either the French, Spanish, or Italian sets. The typical northern German pack goes from ranks 7, 8, 9, 10, Under Knave (''Unter''), Over Knave (''Ober''), King (''König''), and Ace (''Ass'') for a total of 32 cards. Southern patterns have 36 cards by including the 6. In Austria and South Tyrol, the 6 of Bells is known as the ''Weli'' which is often used as a wild card. The ''Weli'' first appeared around 1855 in the discontinued Tyrolean pattern and later the Salzburger and Tell patterns. With the exception of the New Altenburger pattern, all cards with the rank of 10 include the Roman numeral X on the top center of the card. The ace in German and Swiss German sets have a peculiar history. Aces disappeared from German decks during the 15th century. When the ace was promoted above the King in French packs during the 16th century, the deuce did so as well in Germany leading to the conflation of the ace and deuce. This is why in some sets the ace depicts two pips and is also called a ''daus'' (deuce). Confusion is avoided when the 7 or 6 became the lowest card in most packs during the 17th and 18th centuries. Players also avoid confusion by alternatively calling the Ace/Deuce a ''sau'' (sow). Many regions have their own pattern (''Bild'') which features their own unique artwork or number of cards. ==Northern== Northern patterns have 32 cards and are used to play Skat. The two traditional patterns are the Prussian-Silesian and Saxon patterns where only pip cards have corner indices. In northern patterns, the acorns are red. They have been marginalized by the New Altenburger or "German pattern" pattern created during the former German Democratic Republic which added corner indices to every card but the Aces. True to communist fashion, the Kings and Obers are depicted as pompous and arrogant while the Unters are heroic working class men.〔(East German cards )〕 Complete Saxonian deck.jpg|A Saxon set Deckblatt.jpg|Unter of Acorns on New Altenburger deck box 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German playing cards」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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